Chinese Cars in Europe欧洲：中国汽车市场观察
Europe is the highest-stakes market for Chinese automakers: big EV demand, strong incumbent brands, and anti-subsidy tariffs that have pushed BYD, Chery, Leapmotor and others toward local production in Hungary, Spain and beyond.欧洲是中国车企风险与回报最高的市场：电动车需求大、本土品牌强势，反补贴关税正把比亚迪、奇瑞、零跑等推向匈牙利、西班牙等地的本地化生产。
Europe is the highest-stakes market for Chinese automakers: big EV demand, strong incumbent brands, and anti-subsidy tariffs that have pushed BYD, Chery, Leapmotor and others toward local production in Hungary, Spain and beyond. MG remains the best-selling Chinese badge; premium EV brands test the waters from Norway outward.欧洲是中国车企风险与回报最高的市场：电动车需求大、本土品牌强势，反补贴关税正把比亚迪、奇瑞、零跑等推向匈牙利、西班牙等地的本地化生产。MG 仍是销量最高的中国血统品牌，高端电动品牌则从挪威开始试水。
Scale and momentum
Europe is where Chinese automakers face their toughest competition and their biggest prize. In full-year 2025, Chinese brands sold roughly 811,000 vehicles across Europe — up about 99% year on year — for close to a 6.1% market share, according to JATO Dynamics. December 2025 was the first month Chinese-brand sales topped 100,000 units, briefly reaching around 10% share. That momentum carried into 2026: Chinese brands roughly doubled their EU registration share to about 6% in early 2026, and by mid-year had out-registered Mercedes in a single month and Ford over the first half. Chinese brands now account for roughly 11% of Europe's electrified (BEV + PHEV) market.
Who is winning
MG (SAIC) remains the volume leader, with roughly 307,000 units in 2025, and it briefly outsold Tesla in the first half of 2025. BYD is the fastest riser — about 187,000 units in 2025, up from under 50,000 in 2024 — with Q1 2026 registrations up nearly 170%. Chery (via Omoda and Jaecoo) and Leapmotor (through its Stellantis joint venture) both grew triple digits in H1 2026. Key models include the MG ZS, MG3 and MG4; the BYD Dolphin Surf budget EV (launched May 2025 from around €23,000–26,000), Atto 3 and Seal; the Omoda 5 and Jaecoo 7 PHEV; and the Leapmotor T03 and C10.
Tariffs and localisation
Trade policy is the defining variable. Since October 2024 the EU has levied definitive anti-subsidy duties — on top of the standard 10% import duty — of roughly 17.0% on BYD, 18.8% on Geely and 35.3% on SAIC, pushing total tariffs as high as about 45%. Brussels has been negotiating minimum-import-price undertakings as an alternative and is weighing extending measures to plug-in hybrids. The response is localisation: BYD's plant in Szeged, Hungary is ramping to mass production in 2026 (targeting 300,000 units a year), a Turkey plant is due around mid-2026, Leapmotor's T03 is built at Stellantis's Tychy plant in Poland, and Chery is restarting the former Nissan plant in Barcelona under its Ebro venture. Growth is increasingly tilting toward PHEVs and hybrids to sidestep the BEV-specific duties.
Figures reflect 2025 full-year and 2026 H1 data (JATO Dynamics, European Commission, company releases).
规模与势头
欧洲是中国车企竞争最激烈、也回报最高的战场。据 JATO Dynamics，2025 全年中国品牌在欧洲销量约 81 万辆，同比增长约 99%，市场份额接近 6.1%。2025 年 12 月首次单月突破 10 万辆，份额一度接近 10%。这一势头延续至 2026 年：中国品牌在欧盟的上牌份额较上年翻倍至约 6%，年中更曾单月超过奔驰、上半年累计超过福特。目前中国品牌约占欧洲电动化（BEV+PHEV）市场的 11%。
谁在领跑
MG（上汽）仍是销量冠军，2025 年约 30.7 万辆，并在 2025 上半年一度反超特斯拉。比亚迪增速最快——2025 年约 18.7 万辆，而 2024 年尚不足 5 万辆，2026 年一季度上牌量同比增长近 170%。奇瑞（经 Omoda、Jaecoo）与零跑（经 Stellantis 合资）在 2026 上半年均为三位数增长。主力车型包括 MG ZS、MG3、MG4；比亚迪 Dolphin Surf 入门电动车（2025 年 5 月起售，约 €2.3 万–2.6 万）、Atto 3、Seal；Omoda 5 与 Jaecoo 7 插混；以及零跑 T03、C10。
关税与本地化
贸易政策是决定性变量。自 2024 年 10 月起，欧盟在 10% 基准关税之上加征反补贴税——比亚迪约 +17.0%、吉利 +18.8%、上汽 +35.3%，使综合税率最高达约 45%。欧盟一直在谈判以"最低进口价"作为替代方案，并考虑将措施扩展至插电混动。车企的应对是本地化：比亚迪匈牙利 Szeged 工厂 2026 年进入量产（目标年产 30 万辆），土耳其工厂预计 2026 年年中投产，零跑 T03 在 Stellantis 波兰 Tychy 工厂生产，奇瑞则以 Ebro 品牌重启巴塞罗那前日产工厂。为规避针对纯电的关税，增长正日益向 PHEV 与混动倾斜。
数据为 2025 全年及 2026 上半年（来源：JATO Dynamics、欧盟委员会、企业公告）。
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